Contents

Foreword -- vii

1. The Doctrine of Heresy -- pg. 1

2. The Judaizers -- pg. 13

3. Gnosticism -- pg. 21

4. Montanism -- pg. 33

5. Monarchianism -- pg. 38

6. Arianism -- pg. 45

7. Apollinarianism -- pg. 56

8. Nestorianism -- pg. 62

9. Eutychianism and Allied Heresies -- pg. 69

10. Pelagianism -- pg. 84

11. To Wyclif and Hus -- pg. 96

12. Luther and Lutheranism to 1600 -- pg. 123

13. The Reformed Churches to 1600 -- pg. 139

14. Anglicanism to 1600 -- 148

15. Other Movements in the Sixteenth Century -- pg. 160

16. The Seventeenth Century -- pg. 171

17. The Eighteenth Century -- pg. 183

18. The Nineteenth Century -- pg. 194

19. The Twentieth Century -- pg. 213

Bibliography -- pg. 227

Index -- pg. 231

What is heresy? Who were the great heretics and what did they believe? Why might those originally condemned as heretics come to be regarded as martyrs and cherished as saints? Heretics, those who dissent from orthodox Christian belief, have existed at all times since the Christian Church was founded as the first Christians become themselves heretics within Judaism. From earliest times too, politics, orthodoxy, and heresy have been inextricably etwined - to be a heretic was often to be a traitor and punishable by death at the stake - and heresy deserves to be placed against the background of political and social developments which shaped it. This book is a vivid combination of narrative and comment which succeeds in both recreating historical events and elucidating the most important- and most disputed - doctrines and philosophies.