GENERAL INTRODUCTION -- 1
What Philosophy Can Be 2
1. Plato The. Apology -- 6

One
FREEDOM OR DETERMINISM -- 29
Introduction 30 HARD DETERMINISM -- 34
2. Robert Blatchford The ‘Defusion of free ‘Witt 34

LIBERTARIANISM -- 43
3. Corliss Lamont freedom of Choice and Human Responsibility -- 43

SOFT DETERMINISM -- 47
4. W. T. Stace The Probfem of free ‘Witt -- 47

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES -- 55
The Control of Men -- 55
5. B. F. Skinner Wahlen Two: Selections -- 55
6. Joseph Wood Krutch Ignoble Utopias -- 70

The Responsibility of Criminals -- 80
7. Clarence Darrow An Address Defivered to the ‘Prisoners in the Chicago County Jail -- 80
8. C. S. Lewis The Humanitarian Theory of Punishment -- 89

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES -- 95
9. Richard Taylor Jäte -- 95
10. Martin Gardner Newcomb’s Paradox -- 108

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 110

GOD AND RELIGION -- 113
Introduction -- 114

DOES GOD EXIST? -- 119
11. A. Cressy Morrison Seven Reasons Why a Scientist Believes in God -- 119
12. Clarence Darrow The Delusion of Design and Purpose -- 123
13. D. E. Trueblood The Evidentiat Vatue of Religious Experience -- 131
14. C. S. Lewis The Basis of the Moraf Lazo -- 141
15. Bertrand Russell Why І Am Not a Christian -- 147

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES -- 159
The Problem of Evil -- 159
16. В. C. Johnson God and the Problem of Evil -- 159
17. John Hick The Troß lent of Evil -- 165

Should We Believe in God Without Evidence? -- 171
18. W. K. Clifford The Ethics of BeCief -- 171
19. William James The Wid to Betieve -- 177

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES -- 185
20. Leo Tolstoy My Confession -- 185
21. Steven M. Cahn Religion Without God -- 193
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING -- 198

THREE
MORALITY AND SOCIETY -- 201
ARE ETHICAL VALUES RELATIVE? -- 206
22. W. T. Stace Ethicai Relativism -- 206

HOW SHOULD WE BEHAVE? -- 216
23. Ayn Rand Vafue foursef -- 216
24. Jeremy Bentham Zltifitarianism -- 225
25. R. M. Maclver The Deep Beauty of the Golden Rule -- 233

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES -- 240
How Free Should People Be? -- 240
26. Thomas Szasz The Ethics of Addiction: Sin Argument in favor of Letting Americans Take Anu Dnw Theu Want -- 240
27. Gerald Dworkin Paternalism -- 251

The Morality of Abortion -- 263
28. John T. Noonan Jr. An Afmost Absofute Vahie in History -- 263
29. Judith Jarvis Thomson A Defense of Abortion -- 269

PROBLMS AND PUZZLES -- 284
30. John Harris The SurvivaC Lottery -- 284
31. Garrett Hardin » The Tragedy of the Commons -- 291

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING -- 305

FOUR
STATE AND SOCIETY -- 307
Introduction 308

DEMOCRACY 320
32. John Dewey A Defense of Democracy -- 320

THE DANGER OF DEMOCRACY -- 325
33. Alexis de Tocqueville Democratic Tyranny -- 325

SOCIALISM -- 331
34. Francis Williams The Moraf Case for Socialism -- 331

ANARCHISM -- 338
35. John Hospers The Mature of the State -- 338

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES -- 347

Society and the Control of Art -- 347
36. Henry J. Hyde Art for Moratity’s Sake -- 347
37. Richard A. Posner Art for LaiV’s Sake -- 353

The Enforcement of Morals -- 361
38. Sir Patrick Devlin Morals and the Criminat Law -- 361
39. H. L. A. Hart Immoratity and Treason -- 374

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES -- 380
40. Morton Davis The Prisoner’s Dilemma -- 380
41. Anthony Downs Is It Rationaf to Be an Informed Voter? -- 384

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING -- 387

FIVE
MIND AND BODY 391

MATERIALISM 396
42. Hugh Elliot Materialism -- 396

INTERACTIONISM -- 406
43. C. E. M. Joad The Mind as “Distinct from the Body -- 406

IDEALISM -- 412
44. A. A. Luce Sense Without Matter -- 412

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES -- 423
Are Men Machines? -- 423
45. Christopher Evans Can a Machine Thinly? -- 423
46. Morton Hunt What the tHuman Mind Can Do That the
Computer Can’t -- 436

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES -- 443
47. John Searle Tarable of the Chinese Room -- 443
48. Derek Parfit and Godfrey Vesey Brain Transplants and Personal Identity: A Dialogue -- 451

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING -- 459

SIX
KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENCE -- 461

RATIONALISM -- 470
49. René Descartes Meditations I and II -- 470

EMPIRICISM -- 480
50. Friedrich Paulsen Empiricism -- 480

THE NATURE OF SCIENCE -- 484
51. Irving M. Copi The Detective as Scientist -- 484
52. Morris R. Cohen and Ernest Nagel The Limits and the Value of Scientific Method -- 493

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES -- 497
Skepticism -- 497
53. Bertrand Russell Against Common Sense -- 497
54. Arthur E. Murphy For Common Sense -- 506

The Value of Science
55. Bertrand Russell Science and Values -- 514
56. Isaac Asimov Best Toot Backward -- 519

PROBLEMS AND PUZZLES -- 529
57. William Poundstone Brains in Vats -- 529
58. Robert S. Brumbaugh Zeno’s Paradox -- 535

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING -- 538
EPILOGUE -- 541
GLOSSARY -- 543