Preface--vii Introduction--1 Part I -- The Church in the Sixteenth Century 1. Luther's Ecclesiology--13 Europe and the Western Church at the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century--14 Historical Development of Luther's Ecclesiology--24 An Analytical Account of Luther's Ecclesiology--38 Reflections on Luther's Ecclesiology--70 Principles for a Historical Ecclesiology--77

2. Calvin's Ecclesiology--82 The Development of Calvin's Ecclesiology--83 An Analytical Account of Calvin's Ecclesiology--102 Reflections on Calvin's Ecclesiology--131 Principles for a Historical Ecclesiology--142

3. The Church of England--148 Development of the Church of England--149 Richard Hooker's Ecclesiological Synthesis--167 Reflections of Hooker's Ecclesiology--202 Principles for a Historical Ecclesiology--211

4. Anabaptists, Baptist, and Roman Ecclesiology--218 Anabaptist Ecclesiology--219 Baptist Ecclesiology--245 Tridentine Roman Ecclesiology--261 Principles for a Historical Ecclesiology--276

Part II -- The Church in the Modern Period 5. Modern Ecclesiology--291 The Nineteenth-Century Western Church--292 The Ecclesiology of Schleirmacher--311 The Early Ecclesiology of Mohler--336 Principles for a Historical Ecclesiology--356

6. Twentieth-Century Ecclesiology: The World Council of Churches, Vatican II, and Liberatioin Ecclesiology--367 The Ecumenical Movement and the World Council of Churches--369 The Ecclesiology of Vatican II--382 The Aftermath of Vatican II--401 Liberation Ecclesiology and Basic Ecclesial Communities--408 Principles for a Historical Ecclesiology--420

7. Twentieth-Century Ecclesiology: Orthodox and Pentacostal Ecclesiologies and BEM--430 Orthodox Christianity: The Iconic Ecclesiology of John Zizioulas--431 Pentacostal Ecclesiology--452 Baptism, Eucharist, and Ministry--478 Principles for a Historical Ecclesiology--487

Conclusion: Ecclesiology in the Twenty-First Century--496

Index--499

"Ecclesiology from below," as it operates in this work, is directed to history; it moves through the actual chuch of history to ecclesiology or to an understanding of the church both as it is and as it should be. In the first volume, which delf with the first fifteen centuries of the Christian church, that passage was fairly explicit because comprehensive ecclesiologies in the modern sense did not exist. In this volume, from the Reformation to the present, ecclesiology itself becomes much more directly the subject matter of the book, but without losing sight of concrete history and the degree to which these various ecclesiologies, Protestant and Catholic, are historically conditioned. Put somewhat differently, the main goal of this "comparative ecclesiology" is not simply to lay down, one after another, the different ecclesiologies that emerged over the last five hundred years, although that describes the book with empirical accuracy. Its larger intent is to show the richness, vitality, and creativity of the whole church as it moves through history, adjusting to new times, places, and cultures.